Lessons That Football Teaches Essay - 549 Words

Imagine being member of a football team on the field while the crowd is cheering for their favorite team. You are probably wondering, â€Å"WOW, I never thought that I will be part of this team.† Football is not for everyone and being part of a football team does not mean that you are going to be in the spotlight. A person can learn much from playing football. Football teaches strength, discipline, and how to be a team player. The most important lesson football teaches is how to be a team player. In football teamwork is the most important because each member is working to achieve the same goal, which is winning. Each player on the field is not worried about what they are doing but more of working together to get the job done. Each†¦show more content†¦In addition to teamwork, football also teaches discipline. Discipline is the result of commitment, a love for the task, and passion for the game. These characteristics are usually enforced by infusing commitment , passion, and love for the task while growing up at a young age. Discipline in football controls your goals and accomplishments, which starts on the football field. When team players are disciplined it means that they know what they want (to win games) and they do it the best they know how by perfecting the basic skills, such as, tackling, running and blocking. Some examples of discipline are showing up to practice on time and knowing what job is expected of you on the football team. If you do not know, it can cause your team to lose games. Exercising throughout the year is another example because the player’s body has to be in shape year round. Physical and mental strength plays a major role in a football player’s life. Football is a twelve month process, which consists of off- season (six months), in -season (five months), and the Transition (one month). During off-season the football player’s main goal is gaining strength, size, and much power, in-s eason they continue to practice and work on maintaining the gains in strength during the off-season, and the transition is when they rest and recuperate their body from the physical exercise. Football players are constantly bumped and knocked down during practicesShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay About Football810 Words   |  4 PagesFootball The game of football is being attacked. We see it every day in the headlines and on the news. The medical concerns are obvious. The game has taken more than its share of criticism. Even President Barack Obama said that if he had boys he wouldn’t let them play football. LeBron James publicly said no football in his house. So the question is asked all the time, Why would anyone want to play football? And why would anyone let their kids play? Here’s my answer. I believe there’s practicallyRead MoreFootball And Its Effect On Society1122 Words   |  5 Pages Football remains the most popular sport in America and the ninth most popular sport in the world for a reason. Since its creation in 1869, football has played a fundamental part of American society. Every Sunday, my family along with millions of other Americans turn the television to CBS, NBC or FOX to watch their favorite football team go to battle. My family and I bleed burgundy and gold and root for the hom e team the Washington Redskins. Americans including myself display great intensity andRead MoreThe Blind Side By Michael Oher1023 Words   |  5 Pagesopportunity to succeed. Michaels presence in the Touhy s household leads them to many discoveries when he expresses an interest in football. They end up hiring a tutor to help him improve his grades and boost his GPA in order to be considered for the NCAA Division I athletic scholarship. Living in this new environment, Michael encounters many challenges he must overcome. As a football player and a student, Michael works extremely hard and with the motivation from his coaches and adopted family, becomes anRead MoreSports : Children And Sports881 Words   |  4 Pagestheir entire life. When children play sports it teaches them how to work cohesively with other people and how to work hard to reach their goals. Sports can be very influential in a child’s life because some people have parents to teach them morals and life lessons other have coaches to fill the gap. Children need sports in their lives, it will help them in the long run. Sports have significant effect on children teaching them valuable life lessons and keeping some out trouble. Children who participateRead MorePersuasive Essay About Football1174 Words   |  5 PagesThe Game of Football American football is one of the most physical sports on this planet. It requires a wide range of skills, including toughness, speed, endurance, strength, and explosive power. While many American say that football is just a game and it is too dangerous and not worth the risk of potentially injuring yourself, others may think differently. I say football has had an impacted a large number of Americans in a positive way across the United States including myself. Whether that be watchingRead MoreShould Banning Football Be Removed From High School?855 Words   |  4 PagesFootball is, in a sense, an amalgamation of what we perceive our nation s values to be: teamwork, dedication and self-sacrifice. These values can be attributed to most any team sport though it is football that has become our favorite, satiating our lust for brutality. While this is not inherently a bad thing, the sport poses a much greater risk of concussions that other sports, more specifically to high school students. These injuries have previously had unknown long term effects but are now linkedRead MorePreventing A Life Of Regret1245 Words   |  5 Pagesto face, especially people who choose to play football, a sport that requires courage, strength, and stamina. It is also a sport where choosing to stay in a game, when a player is clearly injured with a concussion, can determine how the player may live the rest of his life. Although with teens, the risk of getting a concussion has deadlier consequences and can jeopardize their future in more ways than one. 1.2 million teens play highschool football and there are regulations set up to ensure theRead MoreFailure Is Much Often a Better Teacher Than Success,895 Words   |  4 Pageshas obstacles to get over and their own set of trials and tribulations. What is really important in life are the lessons learned from these events, teaching you more about yourself and the object in which you are attempting to be successful in, and there is no better teacher than failure. One of the main areas I used my failures to better myself was in athletics such as football and basketball, failure has been a constant motivator in my ultimate goal, which is to be successful, and the absoluteRead MoreComplete Lack Of Movement And Sound1683 Words   |  7 Pagesshow his or her shooting ability. It would also allow a student to grow as a person through the demonstration of safety with an air rifle and dedication bettering their marksmanship skills. Marksmanship should be made available in every school. It teaches discipline, the ability to control your body and mind, as well as the importance of gun safety. Marksmanship programs in the JROTC, Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps, require students to pass a rifle safety test in order to start shooting, butRead MoreHigh School Football Is Popular1461 Words   |  6 PagesHigh school football began in the late nineteenth century along side many college football teams. Practices became apparent with multiple pep rallies, cross-town and county rivals, mascots, marching bands, and homecomings. High school football is considered to be the first tier of football, prior to collegiate and professional play if a player is good enough. Over the years, high school football has gained coverage by broadcast media and games can be featured on regional channels. Overall, high

Marketing Mix Of Mcdonald s China And Usa - 1237 Words

This part describes the internet marketing of McDonald’s by connecting the literature and case study. First, the study introduces the marketing mix of McDonald’s in China and USA. Then, it analyzes McDonald’s internet marketing by SWOT analysis. In the end, it gives suggestions to Chinese companies. B. Marketing mix of McDonald’s in China and USA McDonald’s corporation is famous for its burgers and fries. It operates more than 35,000 restaurants over 100 countries, such as in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Specifically, they have around 36,000 stores in the U.S. and about 2,000 stores in China. One of its management strategies is to sell both locally and globally. This tactic helps them have $ 27,441.3 million revenue in 2014. To understand how Mc Donald’s succeeds, here is the marketing mix of McDonald’s focusing on the internet marketing in China and USA. 1. Product Products in every company are customer-oriented. A popular quote of the customer service is â€Å"If you’re not serving the guest, you had better be serving someone who is†. Therefore, the company needs to do some research to find out what customers’ needs are, whether they like this product or not, and what is their favorite one. McDonald’s as a giant food company has tried hardly to answer all these questions to serve customers better. In the U.S., McDonald’s currently supplies all day breakfast, which has been a dream of many Americans. Take a step back a moment: many people asked question like â€Å"why McDonald’sShow MoreRelatedHow Internet Affects The Current Market1575 Words   |  7 Pagesnew marketing channel, which spreads awareness about promoting their products and services. â€Å"With revenues of about $1.59 trillion a year and growing, the internet is the best place for a business to create a presence to grow its r evenue† Jinger Jarrett, a journalist and an internet marketer, said (Jarrett, 2016). Therefore, it is essential to understand how internet marketing affects the current market and how it helps the business promote to earn more profits. Internet or digital marketing expandsRead MoreStarbucks : A Competitive And Expanding Market Segment1854 Words   |  8 Pagesbecome a very competitive and expanding market segment in North America, including companies like Dunkin, McDonalds, Nestle, Burger King, Caribou Coffee, and Costa Coffee. The top leading coffee corporation in this market is Starbucks with Dunkin and McDonalds trailing close behind. This corporation has reached a maximum 36.7% market share, well above Dunkin ranking at 24.6% and McDonalds at 19%, with Starbucks and Dunkin making up over 60% of the market share (Geereddy, 2013: see appendix 1).Read MoreMarketing And Customer Relationship Management Essay6883 Words   |  28 PagesMarketing and Customer Relationship Management UNIT -2950 Task -1 Introduction: They are running their thousands throughout the whole world how the McDonald s restaurant outlets. According to the different countries have different mission types and vision statement. Case study initially gave a brief introduction of the McDonald s and then they discuss their strategic plans according to different countries. Dick and Mac McDonald in early 1940, it is the largest fast food restaurant chain inRead MoreUnit 19 Assignment Brief Marketing Planning February 2014 moderated by NN3857 Words   |  16 Pagesin Business (QCF) Unit 19: Marketing Planning (QCF. L5) Session February 2014 Course work (Word limit 3500) HND Assignment Brief Programme title ML955 Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND in Business Unit number and title Unit 19 Marketing Planning Assignment number and title 1 of 1 McDonald’s: Repositioning the Golden Arches Mo Willan Module Leader Student name Assessor (receiving the work) Dr Mo Willan, Richard West, Abu Naser Issue date February 2014 Deadline(s) Written Work: 02-07 June 2014Read MoreKfc Leadership3625 Words   |  15 Pagesrestaurants, they made a marketing plan while analysising opportunities and risks of the market and understanding Muslim society. For example in the Middle East Number of internal and external and marketing analysis was carried out looking into marketing mix how they have launched their restaurant with some extra local recipes one of them is, Arabian Rice. The way in which KFC made a markerting plan and implemented it will be analysed in this report. How they make a marketing plan and implement itRead MoreStrategic Management1702 Words   |  7 Pagesmanagement first surfaced in the 1970s and continued to grow in importance. He asserts that the decade of 1970s, also marked the introduction of self-managing work and project teams, and the emergence of cross-functional work teams in many organizations (Forster, pg: 205). He further writes, Hewlett-Packard was one of the first companies in the USA to routinely mix together specialists in single teams. These brought together engineers, technicians, marketing managers, lawyers, sales people, purchasingRead MoreMcdonalds Case Study Project Managment9278 Words   |  38 PagesWithout a doubt the base of its success was in substituting the conventional china that you/they used the rest of restaurants, for the paper bags. It was then when the supplier of the shaking machine shake, Ray Kroc, surprised by the quantity of Multi-mixers requested, it proposed the opening of new restaurants. This way in 1955 the first local of the Corporation was inaugurated in charge of Ray Kroc. During the 50 ´s and the 60 ´s, Rays managerial team Kroc established the successful philosophy of theRead MoreWays in Which the Culture Influences the International Business2107 Words   |  9 Pages1. Introduction International marketing or business is uniquely different from the local market because the product price, place and promotion is vastly different from what is been offered to local customers (Johansson, 2000) With the emergence of the information technology, cross border marketing has never been a distant dream. However, it has never been easier even for giant multinational companies to face challenges that come in international business. The biggest challenge comes from the cultureRead MoreCoca Cola1750 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction : The below essay is about Coca-Cola company which is a beverage manufacturer established in the year 1892.The company s primary product is Coca cola which was invented in the year 1886 and was first bottled in 1894.The focus of this essay will be on developing a marketing strategy for Classic Coca-Cola or Coke for first half of 2012.This will also discuss about the market segmentation ,pricing strategy and target market using micro and macroeconomics concepts. The economic forecastRead MoreStarbucks Strategic Plan5173 Words   |  21 Pagesoutside of its retail stores, which include Starbucks, Seattle s Best Coffee, Tazo teas and Frappuccino, (ReportLinker, 2011). Starbucks operates in the United States, the Asia Pacific region, Greater China (China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan), the Europe Middle East Africa (EMEA) region, and Latin America. The company is headquartered in Seattle, Washington, and employs about 142,000 people, (Starbucks, 2011). VISION STATEMENT The company s vision is to become national company with values and guiding

The Development of Kingship in the Middle Ages Free Essays

Before modern technology, and the advent of cars, there were castles, catapults, and horse drawn carts. There were also kingdoms, and with kingdoms came kings, and with kings came politics, conflict, war, and regicide. The King, throughout history, and in modern times, was believed to be the sole ruler of a country, having the final word on all that happened within the bounds of their kingdom. We will write a custom essay sample on The Development of Kingship in the Middle Ages or any similar topic only for you Order Now This has indeed been true since Cain was cast out of his home, and he established the city of Chanoch, all the way to the ancient rulers of Babylon. The rulers, emperors, and kings reigned with sovereignty, and their will was rarely questioned, even while some of them reigned fire and brimstone on their people, murdering them, and pillaging their homes. This was the power of a king, unquestioning loyalty from servants, guards, and massive amounts of infantrymen and calvary. Whether they ruled through terror, or did terrible things for the good of their country, was a matter of the personality bearing the crown. There have been times in history, as noted in numerous books, where those who are held to be honorable have been forced to perform a seemingly distasteful act for the greater good, even if the true motives aren’t with the good of his people, such as Blancandrins, a knight as noted in the Song of Roland 2, who spoke these words: Stand honour bound, and do him fealty. Send hostages, should he demand surety, Ten or a score, our loyal oath to bind; Send him our sons, the first-born of our wives; — An he be slain, I’ll surely furnish mine. Better by far they go, though doomed to die, Than that we lose honour and dignity, And be ourselves brought down to beggary. 3†³ In the previous paragraph, an excerpt from a major literary work written in the time, we see that in those times, the welfare of a nation outweighed the welfare of a few simple farmers or peasants, which lies in great contrast to the world of today. This is not an indicator of evil as evil today is defined by laws and morals that have been put in place by modern men, or better men as some would believe. However the morality in that time was a completely different story, and right or wrong simply cannot be applied. The general public would not mind such a sacrifice, as it is for the greater good, and a good king will do anything for his country, to ensure that everything and everyone manages to survive. A good king will maintain relations with foreign nations to bring in supplies, and trade. Such was demonstrated by Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, the king of France from the year 768, till he died in 814, and was widely regarded as The Father of Europe. Throughout his reign, with his diplomacy toward other nations, and his generous treatment of foreigners4. It is not uncommon for a king, should he care about his people, to build great structures, and to give to the poor, as St. Louis of France did, noted if the Life of St. Louis: â€Å"†¦ He began then to build and found hospitals or houses for poor people to lie in, edified minsters of religion, and gave yearly to other poor sufferers in divers places in the realm much money, pecunies or silver. He founded many convents of the order of friars preachers, and to many other poor religious builded churches, cloisters, dortoirs, and other edifices convenable, gave for God largely alms to the blind, beguines, daughters of God, and releved the minster of many a poor nunnery.. 5† The king of a nation will be highly educated, his language, and articulation will be high above that of a normal peasant, and as such he will be seen as an extremely intelligent person, worthy of ruling a kingdom, though if he is a good king, he will concern himself more with the people, giving them food, clothing, and shelter, the basic necessities above all else. He will also hold true to the religion of the land, ensuring that he follows the laws, and demands that others do as well. â€Å"†¦ Whereof it befell that a citizen of Paris who loathly swearing had blasphemed Jesus Christ, against the act or statute royal, which Saint Louis by the counsel of the prelates and princes had ordained and made for the swearers and blasphemers, at the commandment of the said saint he was marked or tokened, at the lips of him with a hot and burning iron, in sign of punition of his sin, and terror and dreadfulness to all others†¦ 7† The role of a king can change greatly over the years, in times of peace caring for the people would be as simple as building structures, proving clothing, and making sure all are fed. In times of war the job becomes dangerous, as the king must see to it that the country is defended, and that all are safe, even if that means making sacrifices. As fate would have it, the role of the king changed dramatically in France, around the time of Childeric III, of the Merovingian family among whom the French chose their kings for generations, when Childeric’s position was taken over by Pepin the Short, son of Charles Martel, who became Mayor of the Palace, making all the vital decisions of the king, who simply sat on the throne and made no real decisions, only saying what he was told to say, even to dignitaries and ambassadors who came from near and far to seek his counsel. This lasted until the Roman Pontiff, Stephen II deposed Childeric, and Pepin took over the matters of the palace, both home and abroad7. These are the events that led up to the era of Charlemagne, a golden era for the European continent. This is but one example of the extreme measures one must go to, in order to ensure the safety of a kingdom, even at the risk of one’s own life. So what does all this mean? In short, the role of a king is more than being comfortable in the position, and simply ruling. A king, being solely in charge of a nation, in most cases, must not only care for the people, he must also watch his back, and ensure everything is being done properly, lest someone steal the throne from him, and the title of â€Å"king† takes on an entirely new meaning. As new technology becomes available, in the areas of plumbing, food, aqua ducts, lighting, and especially architecture, the king should do his best, if possible, to make sure that it is available to his people in some form or another. New architecture could mean safer buildings, or more stable foundations, which translates into fewer structural collapses, and therefore fewer deaths. After all, while a king may resolve to sacrifice men for the sake of peace, a king shouldn’t be eager to watch his citizens die needlessly! The role of the king is complicated, and our only means of understanding it, is the stories, and documents which have been passed down, to give us a glimpse into the past, but what we can ascertain, is that the role itself implied danger, and that the world survived such as it is now, is to be credited to those great men. How to cite The Development of Kingship in the Middle Ages, Papers

Parts of speech Analysis Essay Example For Students

Parts of speech Analysis Essay Within the body of your speech, you need clear internal structure. Connectives are devices used to create a clear flow between ideas and points within the body of your speech; they serve to tie your writing together. Think of connectives as hooks and ladders for the audience to use when moving from point-to-point within the body of your work. These devices help re-focus the minds of audience members and remind them Of Which main point your information is supporting. The four main types of connective devices are: Transitions Internal previews Internal summaries Signposts Transitions Transitions are brief statements that tell the audience to shift gears between ideas. Transitions serve as the glue that holds the speech together and allow the audience to predict where the next portion of the speech will go. For example, once you have previewed your main points and you want to move from the introduction to the body tooth Farm Aid speech, you might say: To gain an adequate understanding of the intricacies of this philanthropic group, we need to look at some specific_ information about Farm Aid. History The classification of words into lexical categories is found from the earliest moments in the history of linguistics In the Nirvana, written in the 5th or 6th century BC the Sanskrit grammarian Yak defined four main categories of words: 1. Mama nouns or substantives 2. Katz - verbs 3. Passage pre-verbs or prefixes 4. Inapt particles, invariant words (perhaps prepositions) These IS were grouped into two large classes: inflected (nouns and verbs) and inflected (pre-verbs and particles). The ancient work on the grammar Of the Tamil language. Totalitarian, dated variously been 1st and 10th centuries AD, classifies words in Tamil as I. Appear (noun), 2. Vinci (verb), 3. Ida (part of speech which modifies the relationships between verbs and nouns) and 4. URI (word that further qualifies a noun or verb) A century or w. o after the work of Nirvana, the Greek scholar Plato wrote in the Crystals dialog that sentences are, conceive, a combination adverbs and nouns Another class, conjunctions (covering conjunctions,pronouns, and the article), was later deed by Aristotle. Y the end to the 2nd century BC, the classification scheme had been expanded into eight categories, seen in the Art of Grammar (Txv Raphael) : 1. Noun: a part of speech inflected for case, signifying a concrete or abstract entity 2. Verb: a part of speech without case inflection, but inflected for tense, person and number, signifying an activity or process performed or undergone 3. Participle: a part of speech sharing the features of the verb and the noun 4. Int erjection: a part of speech expressing emotion alone . Pronoun: a part Of speech substitutable for a noun and marked for a person 6. Preposition: a part of speech placed before other words in composition and in syntax 7. Adverb: a part Of speech Without inflection, in modification of or in addition to a verb, adjective, clause, sentence, or other adverb 8. Conjunction: a part Of speech binding together the discourse and filling gaps in its interpretation The Latin grammarian Parisian (FL. 500 AD) modified the above eightfold system, substituting article for interjection. It was not until 1767 that the adjective was taken as a separate class. 61 Traditional English grammar is patterned after the European tradition above, and is still taught in schools and used indoctrinates, It names eight parts of speech: noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, interjection (sometimes called an exclamation), English words have been traditionally classified into eight lexical categories, or parts of speech (and are still done so in most dictionaries): Noun any abstract or concrete entity; a person (police officer, Michael), place coastline, London), thing (necktie, television), idea (happiness), or quality (bravery) pronoun any substitute for a noun or noun phrase Adjective any qualifier of a noun Verb any action (walk), occurrence (happen), or state of being (be) Adverb any qualifier Of an adjective, verb, clause, sentence, or Other adverb Preposition any establisher of relation and syntactic context Conjunction any syntactic connector Interjection any emotional greeting (or exclamation) Although these are the traditional eight English parts of speech, modern linguists eave been able to classify English words into even more specific categories and sub-categories based on function. The four main parts of speech in English, namely nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, are labeled form classes as well.

Health care fraud and abuse within the Veterans Administration system Essay Example

Health care fraud and abuse within the Veterans Administration system Paper The VA was established in the year 1989. The main aim of its establishment was to provide federal benefits to the US military veterans and their respective families. The agency is perceived to be the second largest of the fifteen cabinet departments. It provides financial assistance, health care and burial benefit programs. It covers around sixty million people who are namely;  Ã‚   veterans, their respective family members and the veterans survivors. VA’s annual budget is higher than 90 billion dollars although it is seeking around $ 125 billion for next year (2011). Sixty billion dollars from its budget is stipulated for health benefits and the remaining is directed towards pensions and disabilities. Other benefits of VA include home loans, educational assistance, vocational rehabilitation for the disabled veterans and life insurance. The predecessor of VA was the veteran’s administration which had been established in 1930. VA is divided into, veteran’s health administration, national cemetery system and veteran’s benefits administration. It facilitates the management of the veterans hospitals or clinics and also disbursement and eligibility of the disability pensions (Answers.com. 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Health care fraud and abuse within the Veterans Administration system specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Health care fraud and abuse within the Veterans Administration system specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Health care fraud and abuse within the Veterans Administration system specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The VA has is plagued with many fraud cases which result from deception, poor system guidelines and many more other causes. This research proposal is going to discuss the top reasons as to why the VA is plagued with these fraud cases. Public recognition Lack of public recognition is perceived to be one of the top reasons as to why the VA is plagued with fraud. This is because no monitoring is done on the kind work of being done by men and women at the VA’s office. Vital work is basically done without much public recognition. This brings about schemes which are aimed at creating fraudulent claims for 100% disability that resulted in retroactive lump-sum payments to the deceased veterans. For example in the year 2001 a former supervisor at VA’s Atlanta regional office was sentenced for a 13- year imprisonment and also ordered to pay more than 11 million dollars as restitution for her taking part in a scheme to pay benefits in the name of deceased veterans. This calls for the undertaking in a number of corrective measures which must include technology-based and procedural controls than can quickly prevent and quickly identify similar frauds and stronger responsibility for the VA managers. Public recognition will require all the work of the veterans to be publicized and exposed in the notice boards and internal WebPages. Dysfunction of the system The second top reason as to why there is increased fraud in Veteran Affairs the dysfunction of the system which openly tends to invite fraud. Congress has also facilitated to the systems dysfunction because it has pressurized the VA into making it easier for the veterans especially when it comes to the settling of the disability claims. The VA has also currently proposed changes which will simplify the acts of deception from the veterans. Fraud emanating from deception is depicted by the higher number of veterans from Afghanistan and Iraq coupled with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder thus making for it easier for the veterans to fake the disease. Medicalnewstoday.com,(2010) describes this deception emanating from the disorder as â€Å"profitably working the levers of sympathy for the wounded and obligation to the troops, and exploiting the sheer difficulty of nailing a surefire diagnosis of a condition that is notoriously hard to define. Each of these cases represents potentially millions of dollars in tax-free benefits over the veterans lifetime benefits that may continue while the veteran works and even into retirement. This deception is facilitated by the lack of availability of the clinicians who perform these disability evaluations. This is because the clinicians assume that it is not their responsibility to assess the patient’s stories. The new rule (making it easy for the veterans to settle their disability claims) should be thoroughly researched on traumatic and PTSD. With reports indicating that the number of Vietnam War veterans who committed suicide to be more than those who died in the battle field, much of the funds should be directed towards the treatment of the veterans. Most of the military women and men in uniform are usually stigmatized when they try to seek help for the demons in their brains or minds that forces them to contemplate suicide as the way out. It will therefore be important for the health specialist to evaluate every veteran once he or she comes from the damage (Medicalnewstoday.com, 2010). Trained staff The other top reason for fraud in VA is lack of a well trained staff. A staff which has no basic concepts of what they are doing may result into poor outcome or negative output when it comes to production. Fraud comes in on the side of auditors who have no explicit knowledge of auditing. Fraud is facilitated by construction works due to the excessive prices paid in major construction. This overpayment for constructions work should be returned to the reserve fund. Audit fraud is also facilitated by some contract award actions, adminstration, contract awards and administration must be enhanced to en sure that no excess prices are paid for construction work. To improve construction contracting the VHA should ensure that contracts always result better or reasonable prices for the work which is already completed. Contracts which are in the interests of the state government are efficiently controlled to prevent waste, fraud, mismanagement and abuse. Contracting fraud was facilitated by the fact that the contractors aren’t enlightened enough to use the available resources to ensure that price determinations are adequately supported and reasonable and fair prices are achieved. Fraud is facilitated by the fact that the staff lacks the appropriate knowledge in the department’s information system. When the staff have the problem of obtaining accurate data from the information system the department basically overestimates the sum total of the reimbursements that it assumes that it will recover. For example in the year 2001 the department ended up retaining a consultant to help in billing of outstanding charges estimating that he could recover around d six million dollars, however the consultant ended up recovering a maximum of 450,000 million dollars. The VA aggravated its problems by collecting the reimbursements because it really missed training opportunities since the department and the homes have used money inefficiently in the past. Lack of training has resulted into an absence of the billing experts and also knowledge at the department insufficient training accompanied by poor management and lack of executive management sponsorship has immensely contributed to deficiencies and also errors in the department’s information system thus giving birth to a system that doesn’t work efficiently as it should. The department has tried to correct the cash flow problems but unsuccessfully. It always request loans from the general fund to enable it cover some of the timing differences cause by delays the department’s reception of federal funds or reimbursements. . Health care providers can minimize the fraud audits by training their staff well this is because it is always very easy for the poorly or untrained staff to make billing mistakes. Detailed records should also be very well kept by providers incase of any questions arising from the auditing process. Signature stamps should also be given very special considerations before they are given or used by others. Providers should safely keep the billing profiles cooperate with auditors and also take care with the collection efforts. Economic recession is also perceived to be another major reason as to why there is fraud in the veterans affairs. This is because it has caused many insurance frauds which are also evident t in veterans’ affairs. Recession is making everything so expensive that many people cannot afford. Due to this the veterans have found their salaries too little to accommodate their leisure and family needs and that is why some have been caught committing frauds through the insurance. To solve this VA should work hand in hand with the insurance fraud unit which provides focused and specialized efforts towards combating of specific crimes. Disaffection The other reason for fraud in the veteran affairs if veterans disaffection. This is because many veterans just like all the other employees see themselves threatened therefore turning into latent malefactors. This is because fraud has become an equal employer for all. Most of the veterans engage in this behavior because the can rationalize their acts to self or themselves. To discard this veteran’s disaffection which is causing fraud the VA must have special people who can maintain the organizations tradition of excellence. For this special people to be available the VA has to compete with other employer in order to attract them. VA is aware of the fact that its kind of employees become valuable over time and to keep the around then they should be offered a truly benefits package and superior compensation. The VA has been working hard to control employee disaffection for it offers a competitive salary and superior array of benefits for the veterans and their families (4.va.gov, 2009). Indifference to internal control The other reason of fraud in veteran affairs is indifference to internal control. This is because the department has poorly manage its cash and that of its three homes for it has failed to pursue some reimbursements to which it is entitled. Most of its funding for its department homes comes from the States General Fund and additional funds comes from the US department of veterans affairs from the fees paid by the residents belonging to the homes and reimbursement which is paid by Medicare. The department estimates that it loses more that 15 million dollars in state and federal funds due to some of the homes had become ineligible for reimbursements. The VA doesn’t take advantage of all the cash sources available. It also has inadequate implementation and use of its billing management information system thus causing additional loss of money. This is because billing errors and also inadequate documentation of costs the department some of the additional reimbursements for those services that the home supplies to its veterans. The VA department has also compounded it difficulties in cash flow by failing to promptly submit its claims for various reimbursements. Internal control basically controls to the fraud because it doesn’t address the lack of resources that effectively manage the fiscal operation of the veteran’s home. This makes the veterans department to poorly prepare inaccurate management reports. The other weakness of the department is that it doesn’t utilize many of the tools and also reports available in its information system. For example in the year 20012 it is estimated that homes didn’t use around 35 of   the system   modules purchased by the department including a   cost accounting module that would   have given the department   a valuable tracking and budgeting tool. Fraud is also facilitated by the fact that the veteran’s affairs department doesn’t extremely conduct limited reviews on its internal controls. For instance it is true that the VA doesn’t frequently keep current its policies and procedures manuals. It also doesn’t frequently produce some precise accurate operational reports which it could use as one of its management tools. To solve the problem of indifference in internal control the department should ensure that it has the ability to bill for the services which are provided by its three homes. This can be facilitated through the continuous seeking of recertification of its homes so that they can bill for Med-Cal and Medicare reimbursements it can also follow up some of the claims submitted to the secondary insurance providers to ascertain that it has received the reimbursements and submit or issue claims to the secondary insurers that it had not billed in the past. To ensure that there is prompt billing of charges the department should continue to mainly focus of the clearance of its backlog claims and also ensure that the staff performs all the assigned tasks so that claims can be billed promptly. To ascertain whether the consultants who assist when billing are a cost effective solution to some of its problems related to cash flow, the department should make use of the results of its current contractor as the basis to make analysis on the benefits and costs of continuing to hire the consultants. The department should also assess whether payments from medi-cal and Medicare and additional assortment of federal reimbursements will adequately or efficiently cover the cost of the consultants. The department should also take some steps in ensuring that adequate resources and tools are for controlling the fiscal operations are established. One of the steps is the development of periodic management reports which include aging reports of accounts receivable and regular reconciliation of the report with the department’s accounting records to assist the department in evaluating its cash flow and that of all its three homes. The reports however should not cover reimbursement, unbilled claims and accounts receivable. The other step is to ensure that there is a regular review of the department’s internal controls with the aim of ensuring that the department fulfils its missions and also that it keeps proper control over liabilities, expenditure, assets and reimbursement. The third step is to ensure that there are adequate training opportunities for the department employees and  Ã‚   especially the reimbursement staff to inform them of the current developments in Medicare policies and regulations (Bsa.ca.gov, 2001).

Ulysses Simpson Grant essays

Ulysses Simpson Grant essays Ulysses Simpson Grant was born April 27, 1822 in Point Pleasant, Ohio to a very patriotic family who boasted American roots for generations. In 1839 Grants father enrolled him in the U.S. Military Academy, West Point. Grant was quoted later to saying, A military life had no charms for me, to get through the course, secure a detail for a few years as assistant professor of mathematics at the Academy and afterwards obtain a permanent position as professor at some respectable college... His record at West Point was not very good, regardless he graduated 21st in his class in 1843. After, he was commissioned to be the Second Lieutenant of the Fourth U.S. Infantry, he was sent to Jefferson Barracks, near St. Louis, Missouri. In St. Louis Grant met his future wife, Julia Dent. In September 20, 1845 Grant was promoted to Full Second Lieutenant in the Mexican War. He participated in the battles of, Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma and Monterrey. After the Mexican War, Ulysses returned to Missouri to start a family. On August 22, 1848 he married Julia Dent. Together they had four children. In the Civil War, Grant served as the Major General in the Regular Army. He successfully aided in the defeat of the South. On April 9, 1865 General Robert E. Lee of the Confederate Army surrendered to Grant. Because of his overwhelming popularity at the time, Ulysses Grant was encouraged to run for the presidency. So, in 1868 Grant ran against Democrat, Horatio Seymour and won 214 out of the 294 Electoral votes. Grant was not a politician, and didnt have the full comprehension of the job of President. The people that he appointed for Cabinet and other posts were given to personal friends and wealthy men who helped him with is campaign. While in office Grant tried to enforce the 14th Amendment (all native born persons were citizens) and the 15th Amendment (gave voting rights regardless of race or c ...

Cause and effect for the popularity of fast food restaurants, And how Essay - 1

Cause and effect for the popularity of fast food restaurants, And how it is effecting us - Essay Example Direct links can be observed between the habitual use of fast food, the portion sizes, and the soaring increases of the proliferation of these types of restaurants. The hurried pace of life within the United States and the high profitability of fast food has caused the streets to be filled with these types of restaurants and has consequently contributed significantly to the increases that can be observed in the rates of obesity. The leading competitor in the fast food industry is McDonalds with 19% of all sales in the fast food industry going to this restaurant chain. The second corporation is Doctor’s Associates, Inc. which owns Subway at 10% of the revenue, with Yum Brands, which owns KFC, A&W, Long John Silvers, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and Yum Restaurants coming in third. The top seven competing fast food restaurants only hold 45% of the market, with McDonald’s holding 19% of that share making them the most powerful fast food restaurant in the United States (McDonald’s MCD). Therefore, looking at McDonalds has the best value in assessing the position of fast food for the American public The profitability of fast food restaurants in balance with the quick resource of food has created a large industry of fast food within the United States. With the ease of drive-through windows, the speed of food delivery, and the high levels of advertising engaging the viewers with the value of fast, high calorie fatty foods, the American public is up against a difficult temptation. In 2007, the McDonald’s corporation made 22.8 billion dollars, with Doctor’s Associates, Inc bringing in 11.3 billion dollars (McDonald’s MCD). McDonald’s stays on top by actively pursuing areas of marketing development, market penetration, product development, and diversification. In the 2007 annual report, McDonald’s discussed the advantages and marketing purposes of adding healthy choices to their menu, however despite these changes 75%

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy - Essay Example Britain declared that it could no longer manage aid to those key nations. Both Turkey and Greece were potential targets for the Soviets to carry them in as Communistic satellites. The legislature appropriated $400 thousand to support the doctrine implementation. This was moreover to the $3 billion cash dollars financial loan which the US had made to Britain in 1946 (Gurman, 2012). The diplomatic doctrine followed by the president According to Roskin et al (2010), In April 1945Truman, the Vice President of USA was elevated after the fatalities of Franklin D. Roosevelt to the United States presidency. During Truman’s time frame as president he faced many problems, yet identified many doctrines as alternatives to these problems. His most essential contribution up to now is the Truman Doctrine, which targeted on containing the development of communism everywhere. It was targeted straight at the Soviets, led by Stalin who had been an ally of the USA during World War II. However, th e USA and the USSR were divided by a large ideological beach. So the only factor that organized the associates together was the need to eliminate Adolf Hitler and the Nazis (Kuniholm, 1980). Given their actual variations, when Adolf Hitler was eventually eliminated in 1945, a Cold War was perhaps inevitable. Truman certainly hated communism and faced that it was the responsibility of United States to prevent the development of those ideas. During the Cold War, Truman identified convenience and organized peace which held back Communist development and made cost-effective and government balance through the Truman Doctrine, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Marshall Plan (Graebner, 2002). Effects of the diplomatic efforts of United States and other countries Gurman (2012) pointed out that in 1946, an American diplomat known as George Kennan sent to his superiors in California a long memorandum that was later known as "The Long Telegram." Developing his research upon his ow n outcomes of Communist problems, made from his publish in the US Embassy in Moscow, Kennan analyzed that the Communist Cooperation was normally curved on improving its position of impact all over the whole world. In considering how the Individuals should react, Kennan had written, "It is obvious that the main factor of any United States strategy towards the Communist Cooperation must be that of a long-term, firm and cautious containment of Russian extensive propensities† (Roskin et al, 2010). Kennan's concept of containment became the platform for the foreign policy of United States during the Cold War. Though the Truman Doctrine, considered in the narrowest feeling, only used to the economic downturn then unfolding in Turkey and Greece, in practice it dedicated the United States to a foreign method of containment by attractive resources of United States towards preventing the spread of Communism anywhere on the whole world (Kuniholm, 1980). In support of Truman's method of c ontainment, George C. Marshall the Secretary of State put the Marshall Plan forth. Marshall fearful of Europe, which had faced so much devastation in

Chinas Transition to a Market-oriented Economy Essay

Chinas Transition to a Market-oriented Economy - Essay Example This paper is one of the best examples of objective analysis of the macroeconomic situation in China through the recent years of macroeconomic transformation. Being the most populous country in the world, China set out to transform its economy from a centrally planned one to a market oriented one in 1978. This transformation came after the regime of Mao and is seen to take place in two stages: between 1979-1993 came the first stage and the second stage began in 1994 to presently. The two stages are primarily differentiated by the 1989 Student Movement. Multinational Corporations developed interest in China and, since it presented unique marketing issues and challenges. These MNCs anticipate the growth and expansion of these economies and have thus endeavored to expand their operations to them. The greatest challenge facing China’s transition is structural impediment existent within the economy particularly with state-owned enterprises and state-owned banks; where both have interrelated problems that the state continues to intervene in their investment decisions and capital allocation. The state sector has set up several state-owned enterprises with supposed policy loans from the state-owned banks to prevent bankruptcy. The Chinese government has directed large amounts of funds into infrastructure and other projects leaving the budget at deficit levels; all this in a bid to fuel economic growth. The transition has been riddled with corruption primarily in the central and regional governments as well as in the commercial sector. This has made it difficult to undertake relevant projects beneficial to the public and not specific individuals. Beijing officials have attempted to end this by running public anti-corruption campaigns and holding trials of senior party officials in public. Nonetheless, it has continued to exist and this has made the public averse to social reforms. This has created the problem of rising inequality and in turn an overpowering middle class; which results in a shrinking workforce

Family and Juvenile Delinquency

Family and Juvenile Delinquency The family is the foundation of humanity. Children who are rejected by their parents, who grow up in homes with considerable conflict, or who are inadequately supervised are at the greatest risk of becoming delinquent. Adolescence is a time of expanding vulnerabilities and opportunities that go along with it, widens social and geographic exposure to life beyond school or family. Family is one of the most influential institutions in socializing a child. Being raised in a single parent home can lead to delinquency, regardless if it was because of divorce/separation, death, or incarceration. The outcome of the childs life is considerably different compared to a child who has a stable life with both parents. With only one parent, a child may receive only half the guidance given by two parents. This usually results in the child making wrong decisions like getting involved with other risk factors such as school problems or dropping out. The way we are socialized by our surroundings has a dramatic impact on whether we become delinquents. The composition of families is one aspect of family life that is consistently associated with delinquency. Children who live in homes with only one parent or in which marital relationships have been disrupted by divorce or separation are more likely to display a range of behavioral problems including delinquency, than children who are from two parent families (Thornberry, et al. 1999). Children who witness marital discord are at greater risk of becoming delinquents. Previous research has demonstrated associations between exposure to parental divorce and marital conflict while growing up and childrens psychological distress in adulthood (Amato Sobolewski 2001). Social learning theory argues that aggressive behavior is learned; as parents display aggressive behavior, children learn to imitate it as an acceptable means of achieving goals (Wright Wright 1994). When parents are divorced and there is just one parent to take care of the child, the child is quick to feel just half there. If it is the mother who has the child, she may have to work to support him, and she would not be able to be home when he comes home from school. If he comes home and finds the home empty, he would not stay there, but he will go out with his peers. The gang will then get bored and look around for something to do. This will lead to stealing possibly, and these activities can go on until they end in murder or drug addiction. Parents teach children to control unacceptable behavior, to delay indulgence, and to respect the rights of others. On the contrary, families can teach children aggressive, antisocial, and violent behavior (Wright Wright 1994). This statement alone could easily explain how the juvenile may end up becoming a delinquent. Wright and Wright (1994) suggest positive parenting practices during the early years and later in adolescence appear to act as buffers preventing delinquent behavior and assisting adolescents involved in such behavior to desist from delinquency. Gorman-Smith and Tolan (1998) found that parental conflict and parental aggressiveness predicted violent offending; whereas, lack of maternal affection and paternal criminality predicted involvement in property crimes. Familial characteristics suggesting familial antisocial behavior or values such as family history of criminal behavior, harsh parental discipline, and family conflict have been among the most consistently linked. In another study conducted by Gorman-Smith and her colleagues, data show that children are more likely to resort to violence if there is violence within relationships that they may share with their family (Gorman-Smith, et al. 2001). In the realm of family functioning there is a theory known as the coercion theory, which suggests that family environment influences an adolescents interpersonal style, which in turn influences peer group selection (Cashwell Vacc 1996). Peers with a more coercive interpersonal style tend to become involved with each other, and this relationship is assumed to increase the likelihood of being involved in delinquent behavior. Thus understanding the nature of relationships within the family, to include family adaptability, cohesion, and satisfaction, provides more information for understanding youth (Cashwell Vacc 1996). The cohesiveness of the family successfully predicted the frequency of delinquent acts for non-traditional families (Matherne Thomas 2001). Family behaviors, particularly parental monitoring and disciplining, seems to influence association with deviant peers throughout the adolescent period (Cashwell Vacc 1994). Among social circumstances which have a hand in determi ning the future of the individual it is enough for our present purpose to recognize that family is central (Wright Wright 1994). Juby and Farrington(2001) claim that there are three major classes that explain the relationship between disrupted families and delinquency; trauma theories, life course theories, and selection theories. The trauma theories suggest that the loss of a parent has a damaging effect on children, most commonly because of the effect on attachment to the parent. Life course theories focus on separation as a long drawn out process rather than a discrete event, and on the effects of multiple stressors typically associated with separation. Selections theories argue that disrupted families are associated with delinquency because of pre-existing differences in family income or child rearing methods, for example (Juby Farrington 2001). Communication also plays a big role in how the family functions. Clark and Shields (1997) state that the importance of positive communication for optimal family functioning has major implications for delinquent behavior. They also discovered that communication is indeed related to the commission of delinquent behavior and differences are shown within categories of age, sex, and family marital status. Klein and Forehand (1997) suggest that the prediction of juvenile delinquency in early childhood depends on the type of maternal parenting skills that are imposed upon the child during early adolescence. Muehlenberg (2002) poses the question of how do children from single parent family homes fare educationally compared to children from intact two parent families. In most cases, delinquents have been viewed as individuals who come from less intact families, often referred to as broken homes. Typically, the term broken home has been structured to mean children residing in single-parent households or any type of household other than a household in which both biological parents are present (Rankin, 1983; Geismar Wood, 1986). In contrast, an intact family usually refers to a nuclear family arrangement in which both biological parents reside in the household with their biological children (Kierkus Baer, 2002). Intact family arrangements differ from other modern-day family arrangements including single-parent arrangements, two-parent arrangements involving a stepparent, extended family member arrangements, and the adoptive/foster family arrangement (Wells Rankin, 1986). Since 1970, the proportion of American households that have children who live with both parents has declined substantially. In 1970, 64 percent of African American children lived with two parents, compared with 35 percent in 1997; comparable figures for white children are 90 percent and 74 percent, respectively (Lugaila, 1998). According to some estimates, as many as 40 percent of white children and 75 percent of African American children will experience arental separation or divorce before they reach age 16 (Brayand Hetherington, 1993) and many of these children will experience multiple family disruptions over time (Furstenberg and Cherlin, 1991). Sometimes the focus is taken off the mother and shifted towards the father. The lack of emphasis on the role of fathering in childhood conduct problems is especially unfortunate given that there are several reasons why fathers can be expected to be particularly significant in the initiation and persistence of offspring offending. For example, fathers are particularly likely to be involved with sons who are at higher risk than daughters of delinquent behavior (Flouri Buchannan 2002). Popenoe(1997) states that fatherlessness is a major force behind many disturbing US social problems. The institution of marriage acts as cultures chief vehicle to bind men to their children. The absence of fathers from childrens lives is one of the most important causes related to childrens well being such as increasing rates of juvenile crime, depression and eating disorders, teen suicide, and substance abuse. Two parent households provide increased supervision and surveillance of property, while single parenthood increases likelihood of delinquency and victimization simply by the fact that there is one less person to supervise adolescent behavior (Wright Wright 1994). Children, regardless of whether they are a product of a single parent or dual parent household, are more likely to become juvenile delinquents if there is a minimum amount of quality time spent with the guardians. Guardians actually need to be parents rather than just provide for the child. Parents provide structure which entails rules, encouragement, and any type of consistent adult behavior that a juvenile can use as guidelines throughout his or her own adolescent years. Although a majority of delinquents are from single parent households, delinquency is fostered by a lack of parental/juvenile interaction. Monitoring the child is also a major contribution towards the creation of delinquency. By spending time with a juvenile as a family through family activities, it not only provides that necessary supervision for being aware of the whereabouts of the child, how the child is functioning emotionally, and how he or she is doing as an adolescent, it creates positive interaction with th e parents that is needed for a healthy upbringing. Reference Page Amato, Paul and Juliana M. Sobolewski. 2001. The effects of divorce on adult childrens psychological well-being. American Sociological Review. 66: 900-921. Cashwell, Craig S. and Niccholas A. Vacc. 1996. Family Functioning and Risk Behaviors: Influences on adolescent delinquency. School Counselor. 44: 105-15. Geismar, L.L., Wood, K.M. (1986). Family and delinquency: Resocializing the young offender. New York: Human Sciences Press. Gorman-Smith, Deborah and Patrick H. Tolan. 1998. Relation of family problems to patterns of Delinquent involvement among urban youth. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 26: 319-34. Gorman-Smith, Deborah, Patrick Tolan, Ashli J. Sheidow, and David B. Henry. Partner Violence and Street Violence among Urban Adolescents: Do the Same Family Factors Relate? Journal of Research on Adolescence.11: 273-95. Hagan, John and Holly Foster. 2001. Youth violence and the end of adolescence. American Sociological Review. 66: 874-899. Immarigeon, Russ. 1996. Families know best. State Government News. 39: 22-4. Juby, Heather and David P. Farrington. 2001. Disentangling the Link between Disrupted Families and Delinquency. British Journal of Criminology. 41: 22-40. Kierkus, C., Baer, D. (2002). A social control explanation of the relationship between family structure and delinquent behavior. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 44 (4), 425-458. Klein, Karla and Rex Forehand. 1997. Delinquency during the transition to early adulthood: Family and parenting predictors from earlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Adolescence. 32: 61-81. Muehlenberg, Bill. 2002. The case for two-parent family Part II. National Observer. 53: 49-58. Popenoe, David. 1997. Life without Father. New Jersey, US: Annual Conference of the NCFR Fatherhood and Motherhood in a Diverse and Changing World. Prochnow, Jane E. and James V. DeFronzo. 1997. The impact of economic and parental characteristics on juvenile misconduct. Journal of Emotional Behavioral Disorders. 5:119-128. Rankin, J. H. (1983). The family context of delinquency. Social Problems, 30, 466-479. Thornberry, Terence P., Carolyn Smith, Craig Rivera, David Huizinga, and Magda Stouthamer-Loeber. September 1999. Family Disruption and Delinquency. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. 1-7. Wells, L.E., Rankin, J.H., (1986). The broken homes model of delinquency: Analytic issues. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 23, 68-93. Wright, Kevin N. and Karen E. Wright. 1994. Family Life, Delinquency, and Crime: A Policymakers Guide. Research Summary. Washington DC: OJJDP. 4-21.

Metro Ethernet :: essays research papers

Metro Ethernet Disclaimer; this is intended to be an introductory technical article; certain details have been excluded in the interests of space and clarity. Network design examples are presented to illustrate specific technical points and are not intended to fully complete. Historically WAN’s (Wide Area Networks) and LAN’s (Local Area Networks) have relied on independent technologies. At a physical layer WAN technologies today continue to be based largely on legacy TDM systems that were built initially to support voice, video and early data communications in a reliable fashion. WAN connectivity over distance often requires the use of regenerators and meet points between multiple Telco suppliers that may span the globe. Without strict adherence to standards, these connections would not function. WAN technologies depend on highly complex and expensive equipment, which can guarantee inter-operability and â€Å"five 9’s† reliability required to support the millions of paying customers utilizing the network. Meanwhile, the advent of early PC’s and the recognition of the value in networking devices together gave rise to Local Area Networks. These LAN’s were developed from a business customer perspective, which placed more emphasis on costs and ease of use over reliability. There were a number of different competing LAN technologies, two of the most common being Token Ring (IBM) and Ethernet (everyone else). The triumph of Ethernet in the marketplace, to the extent where it is included in every PC, game console and some refrigerators, provides a consistent and relatively inexpensive way to build internal networks with relative ease. As the internal PC networks continued to grow and thrive a need to connect disparate facilities together resulted in development of bridges, gateways and ultimately routers for the sole purpose of connecting LANs to other LAN’s located anywhere from several miles to several thousand miles apart. These devices allow disparate interface types to be connected by performing the necessary modifications to the signal and protocols to allow WAN and LAN equipment to understand one another. Because LAN Ethernet and WAN TDM networks were so vastly different in their technical make-up these intermediary devices were needed to allow inter-communication to occur. While the benefits of enterprise connectivity are great, they come at the cost of special hardware, software and application complexity as the speed of the network can change by a factor of 100 between a client and the server (100 Meg bit per second Ethernet to 1.5 Meg bit per second WAN).

Middlefield Hospital

As the Chief Executive Office of Middlefield Hospital, it has been brought to my attention by the Chief Financial Officer that our financial performance has been deteriorating for the past six (6) months. It has also been brought to my attention that the new facility has been admitting more new patients and our admissions have been declining. The number of uninsured patients has increased over this period of time. The management team has identified some other interesting facts that are possibly hurting the reputation of Middlefield Hospital. My determination is that the financial performance of Middlefield Hospital needs to be improved.Research has shown that hospitals are operating on tight budget all over the world, and they need to find way to reduce their costs and also try to manage productivity in all areas and job categories. I have developed some strategies and recommendations for Middlefield Hospital that will help us to improve the financial performance of the hospital. I w ill individually address each of the facts discovered by the management team and discuss the proposed recommendations for each. The payer mix of Middlefield Hospital is comprised of more and more Medicare, Medicaid, and uninsured patients and fewer patients have commercial insurance.This has caused a decrease in the net income of the hospital. Therefore, I think we should considering more advertising to increase the new come. Advertising should and will attract more profitable patients. The nearby hospital that competes with Middlefield has opened a wellness center that offers a comprehensive array of preventive and wellness services to the community. Wellness centers can offer services that are very useful and convenient to the community. Some of these services are skin care and body services, which include fitness services, personal training and nutrition consulting, chiropractic, holistic medicine, and acupuncture.  (http://www. salonbuilder. com/info/wellness-centers. html)I a lso think we should open a wellness center that offers a full service fitness center to accommodate the community. We should look into the services that this other nearby hospital is providing in their wellness center, and we should extend our services to the ones they are not offering. Our wellness center should also include a retail store to allow the patients to purchases the products that we use on them. I know this will require a specially trained staff, and we will make sure that the staff is qualified with all certifications needed.Also, in lieu of the wellness center, we should offer a monthly health fair for new and existing patients. This monthly health fair will also draw new patients to the clients. Most of Middlefield’s managed care contracts are more than 2 years old. In hopes of getting a handle on the managed care contracts, I would like to assign a team of personnel to specifically handle and maintain the various managed care contracts. I would like for this team to make sure that we are getting the best out of these contracts. The team will know what our goals are before deciding on a managed care contract.Some of the goals that would be considered are: Increasing or protecting revenue Aligning with other practices that already contract with the specific Managed Care Organization (MCO) Fostering a relationship with certain MCOs Increasing/protecting our patient panel The Joint Commission survey is scheduled for next year, and there are significant problems with the hospital’s quality improvement program. To improve the quality program, each department will be assigned a staff member to follow-up with patients after their hospital stays or visits via email or telephone.We will also send out surveys to all patients for feedback on their visits. Surveys will also be available to visitors for feedback on their visiting experience at the facility and their interaction with the personnel of the facility. Follow up will be very importa nt for providing good quality care. The health plan offered to employees is getting more expensive each year. The benefits director has been asked to look for more cost effective health care plans that are more affordable to our employees. I am working on some financial incentives that I can offer to the employees to help curtail the cost of the health plans.The benefits director will also work with the health care plan providers to ensure that we are choosing the best health plans for our employees. With the strategies and recommendations I have suggested, it is hopeful that Middlefield Hospital will overcome its poor financial performance. I am looking for Middlefield Hospital to supersede its competition and excel with its reputation and performance to the communities and areas that it serves. We strive to provide outstanding health care services to all who utilize our facilities.

Free Essays on Interpetation Of Blakes Poems

The Human Abstract Blake’s poem, The human abstract, is a touching poem which attributes selfishness, cruelty, and other flaws on human nature. Blake goes on show how change can come about through finding of god. Once god is found, and holy fear sets in, the actions of deceit change and humility takes root. The poem starts with a series of short lessons. â€Å"Pity would be no more, if we did not make somebody poor; he continues â€Å"And mercy no more could be, if all were as happy as we.† Blake’s poem suggests human nature is responsible. By stealing, we are responsible for making people poor and by deceit we cheat people out of happiness. Blake’s poem follows up with more human flaws, â€Å"Then cruelty knits a snare, and spreads his baits with care.† This means to say if one holds a grudge, the negative feeling will eventually lead to expression through action. This yet again demonstrates the human nature. Blake, after exposing human sinful nature now comes to shows us the path of change through the fear of god. Blake now illustrates a person hitting bottom and discovers holy fears. â€Å"He sits down with holy fears, and waters the ground with tears; then humility takes its root underneath his foot.† Once he discover god he repents and humility takes root. This is to say one realizes his behavior and changes is unholy actions. He then goes on to say how one is mystified by God. â€Å"Soon spreads the dismal shade of mystery over his head; and the caterpillar and fly feed on the mystery.† This passage illustrates clearly the mystery of god by how a caterpillar transforms to a butterfly. There’s a simple lesson Blake is trying to teach us through this his poem. That is that people are really good. It’s just Human nature that sometimes leads us astray to fulfill our own selfish needs. Once we realize there’s a god and that he watches our every action, only then will the holy fear set in and bring about a... Free Essays on Interpetation Of Blakes Poems Free Essays on Interpetation Of Blakes Poems The Human Abstract Blake’s poem, The human abstract, is a touching poem which attributes selfishness, cruelty, and other flaws on human nature. Blake goes on show how change can come about through finding of god. Once god is found, and holy fear sets in, the actions of deceit change and humility takes root. The poem starts with a series of short lessons. â€Å"Pity would be no more, if we did not make somebody poor; he continues â€Å"And mercy no more could be, if all were as happy as we.† Blake’s poem suggests human nature is responsible. By stealing, we are responsible for making people poor and by deceit we cheat people out of happiness. Blake’s poem follows up with more human flaws, â€Å"Then cruelty knits a snare, and spreads his baits with care.† This means to say if one holds a grudge, the negative feeling will eventually lead to expression through action. This yet again demonstrates the human nature. Blake, after exposing human sinful nature now comes to shows us the path of change through the fear of god. Blake now illustrates a person hitting bottom and discovers holy fears. â€Å"He sits down with holy fears, and waters the ground with tears; then humility takes its root underneath his foot.† Once he discover god he repents and humility takes root. This is to say one realizes his behavior and changes is unholy actions. He then goes on to say how one is mystified by God. â€Å"Soon spreads the dismal shade of mystery over his head; and the caterpillar and fly feed on the mystery.† This passage illustrates clearly the mystery of god by how a caterpillar transforms to a butterfly. There’s a simple lesson Blake is trying to teach us through this his poem. That is that people are really good. It’s just Human nature that sometimes leads us astray to fulfill our own selfish needs. Once we realize there’s a god and that he watches our every action, only then will the holy fear set in and bring about a...

1301 US HIST The United States History Ch.23 Quiz Essays

1301 US HIST The United States History Ch.23 Quiz Essays 1301 US HIST The United States History Ch.23 Quiz Paper 1301 US HIST The United States History Ch.23 Quiz Paper Essay Topic: Literature What characterized the period Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover described as New Era in 1920? b.A freewheeling economy and a heightened sense of individualism Americas return to a peacetime economy in 1920-1921 was marked by? d. a 20% unemployment rate, highest to date In its efforts to create prosperity at home, the Harding administration supported? a. high tariffs to protect American businesses. President Hardings administration was characterized by c. scandals that involved many members of his administration President Calvin Coolidges economic policy included? b. reductions in government regulation of business What did the presidential election of 1924, in which Calvin Coolidge defeated John W. Davis and Robert La Follette, reveal about the priorities of American voters? a. The election results revealed voters lack of support for labor unions the regulation of business and the protection of civil liberties President Hardings most ambitious foreign policy initiative was? d. establishing a balance of naval power with Britain, France, Japan, and Italy. What was the purpose of the Dawes Plan, which was instituted in 1924? b. The plan cut Germanys annual reparations payments in half and initiated fresh American loans to Germany. Which industry formed the keystone of the American economy in the 1920s? D. The automobile industry The outcome of the shift toward repetitive assembly-line work and specialized management divisions in the 1920s was? d. a tremendous increase in business productivity and overall efficiency Who was responsible for the creation of welfare capitalism in the 1920s, and why did they use it? c. businesses created welfare capitalism to encourage workers; loyalty to the company. What did the authors of Middletown conclude from their study of life in a small Midwestern town in the 1920s? C) The United States had developed a culture in which everything hinged on money. Which relatively new industry in the 1920s linked the possession of material goods to the fulfillment of spiritual and emotional needs? D) Advertising Which element of the American economy during the 1920s lay at the heart of its fundamental lack of stability? c.Consumption Many Americans in the 1920s view Sigmund Freuds pioneering work in the psychology of the unconscious as ? A) a justification for impulsive behavior. In the United States, the flapper of the 1920s represented? d. a challenge to womens traditional gender roles Which of the following statements exemplifies President Hardings stance on prohibition in the 1920s? b.Liquor flowed freely in the White House during his administration Which of the following statements describes the Sheppard Towner Act of 1921, which gave federal assistance to states seeking to reduce high infant morality rates? a. It was womens only significant national legislative success in the 1920s One factor that diluted the influence of women in politics in the 1920s was? A) the lack of unity around the issues, which diminished women voters impact. During the 1920s, most American women who worked had? b. office and sales jobs The image of the new woman in American society in the 1920? C) was felt by all women, even those who believed in traditional gender roles. When black veterans of World War I returned home from their deployments, they found ? C. race riots and economic hardship. Marcus Garveys Universal Negro Improvement Association urged black Americans in the 1920s to? b. rediscover their African heritage and take pride in their own culture and achievements. Which of the following describes the outpouring of African American literature and art in New York City in the 1920s? d. The era in which African American literature and art flooded New York was known as the Harlem Renaissance. The rapid growth of radio in the United States between 1922 and 1929 was funded by? D. advertisers, who wanted to reach prospective customers in their own homes. What did popular culture and consumer goods have in common in the 1920s? d. Both were mass-produced and mass consumed. Which of the following statements describes professional baseball in the 1920s? d. (The game attracted players spectators from the working class) a game by and for the working class to help break out of the ordinariness of everyday life. Babe Ruth was prominent and said to have singlehandedly lightened the cares of the world. In the 1920s, Knute Rockne and Red Grange were associated with? c. college and professional football. In 1927, Charles Lindbergh became the first person to? b. fly nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean One result of the loosening of the traditional bonds of community, religion, and family in the United States in the 1920s was? c. the emergence of youth as a distinct social class with their own culture For which group of Americans did authors Ernest Hemmingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, and Sinclair Lewis speak? c. Critics of American anti-intellectualism and materialism During the 1920s, rural Americans perceive cities as? d. idyllic places where they might go to enjoy restaurants, theater, museums. The purpose of the immigration laws of the 1920s, including the Johnson-Reed Act, was to? b. place strict limits on immigration. What did the outcome of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial suggest about the United States in the 1920s? D. Antiforeign hysteria was rampant in many areas of American life. What accounted for the reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan in the United States in 1915? a. the widespread belief that blacks, immigrants, radicals, feminists, Catholics, and Jews threatened traditional American values. Which of the following describes the Ku Klux Klan of the mid-1920s? D) The KKK had a strong influence on politics in California, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Texas. The central issue addressed by the highly publicized scopes trial of 1925 was ? b.the legality of the teaching of Darwins theory of evolution in Tennessee How did Americans respond to Alfred E. Smiths candidacy for president in 1928? C. As a symbol of all they feared- Catholicism, immigration, cities, and liberal attitudes Which words from President Herbert Hoovers 1929 inaugural address would turn out to be ironic in light of events during his presidency? a.Given a chance to go forward with the policies of the last eight years, we shall soon with the help of God be in sight of the day when poverty will be banished from this nation. When Herbert Hoover took office in 1929, he brought to the presidency ? a. modern ideas about how businesses should operate Which of the following characterized the U.S. economy when Herbert Hoover moved into the White House in 1929? a. There was a huge disparity in wealth between rich and poor.There was a huge disparity in wealth between rich and poor. Among the fist signs of economic distress in the United States in the mid-1920s was ? d. a slowdown in the new construction and in automobile sales. The fundamental cause of the Great Depression in the United States was? b. problems in the American and international economies. What did President Hoover do to offer a solution to the human problems of the depression in 1929? A) He instituted a voluntary recovery plan, protective tariffs, and some government intervention, including public works projects and small federal loans to states. The purpose of the President Hoovers Reconstruction Finance Corporation, created in 1932, was to? c. lend money to endangered American banks, insurance companies, and railroads. By the early 1930s, unemployed workers were responding to the Great Depression by ? C) becoming increasingly outraged and turning toward militant forms of protest. Which group was hardest hit by the Great Depression? d. The unemployed, tenant farmers, and sharecroppers How did the Great Depression affect the American family in the 1930s? C) It created resentment among men, who lost their jobs more often than women did. The Hoover administration responded to the World War I. veterans who asked for the immediate payment of their pension or bonus? a. by ordering the U.S. army to forcibly evict them from their camp on the edge of Washington, D.C. Which group sponsored a team of lawyers to defend the nine young black men in Scottsboro, Alabama, who were arrested on trumped -up rape charges in 1931? b.The Communist Party

Social Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social Development - Essay Example Market forces usually depend on the political goodwill and social integration for its growth. From scholarly view, cultural change in the society owes its root from globalization. Fabrication of societal norms to meet human needs has led to growth in many areas of human life. It is significant to note that integration of modern of modern technology has transformed human life. Globalization has led to development of uniform policies in global markets. Development of uniform policies influences political and social life of the society. For examples, policies that define trade between two countries influence social conditions in those countries. When policies are uniform, people are able to exchange ideas, technology, and social policies, which would in turn influence social growth.   Trade and international policies are inseparable. Identification of common need in the society has led to transformation of the society from a low-income society to high-income society. The adoption of K eynesian theories of management in financial management has influenced the financial patterns adopted by many banks and financial institutions. According to Amoore (2005:58), Global financial system favored financial interest over government planning or productive manufacturing. Thus, it opened ways for accessing credit facilities. Acquisition of financial assistance influences the economic development of a state. The power to initiate social development lies on the ability of a state to acquire financial assistance when necessary.

PABLO PICASSO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PABLO PICASSO - Essay Example Born in 1881, he lived for 91 years, and devoted himself to artistic production. Picasso is most renowned for co-founding the Cubism movement along with Brasque. The 1800’s were marked with astounding impressionist paintings, but enter twentieth century, and the artwork is completely different with more focus on adding great depth to objects by breaking them up and rejoining in an abstract form. The whole concept of Cubism is analyzing objects from every angle, giving a holistic view, and being able to penetrate every reality and then depicting the entire thought in a very artistic abstract way. â€Å"Ambiguous Spacing† (Mallory, 2011) is the main characteristic of Cubist paintings, where the background blends with the object. Picasso went through some different phases in his life, and experimented with different kinds of styles which is reflected in his artwork and they are divided into different stages. The first period was identified as the Blue period which lasted f rom 1901 to 1904, and was highlighted with subdued colors. Next was the Rose Period from 1904 to 1906 which has a cheery style with red, pink and orange colors seen in his paintings. Following this was Analytical Cubism from 1910 to 1912 where he used monochrome brown and more of neutral colors. Synthetic Cubism followed which was reflected in his paintings from 1912 to 1919, and was symbolized by fragmented paper cut style paintings. Classicism and surrealism was also later reflected in his paintings, however it wasn’t a period of his life. Pablo Picasso is known to have produced around 13500 paintings in his entire lifetime, and even more drawings. In 1903, when Picasso was only 21 years of age, he painted â€Å"The Old Guitarist† in Madrid, when his very close and dear friend, Casagemas committed suicide. Picasso’s outpour of emotions is reflected in his painting, so much so that this led to the beginning of the Blue Period which was highlighted by hopelessne ss and melancholy is his paintings which were usually in shades of blue and green. This particular painting of Picasso haunts the onlookers with its gloominess; the subject of the painting is a very old, weak man, who somehow resembles a beggar sitting on the street begging for pennies while glued to his guitar. The painting has a lot of emphasis on the contours of the body of the old man giving a very dramatic look. This painting speaks for the lower-class people and emphasizes on the hardships they have to face in real-life, and is a masterpiece created by Picasso. Another painting of Picasso which later became a masterpiece is Les Demoiselles d' Avignon ((The Young Ladies of Avignon, and originally titled The Brothel of Avignon) and is known to have launched Cubism in the twentieth century. Picasso painted it in 1907, however it wasn’t displayed till 1916. This painting has also been voted as the most influential painting in a hundred years by Newsweek. It is a very artful painting which was also controversial, however it depicts Cubism in essence that different people have different perspectives regarding the same artwork. The painting illustrates five nude women in angular and disorderly shapes, with not very feminine bodies, and two wearing primitive African masks. The concept behind this painting was to depict a brothel, where the women were shown without any expressions, charm or personality. The disjointed figures were to represent the aggression and hostility of the such women, who had Iberian features. This

How does Generation Gap affect the society in the United States Term Paper

How does Generation Gap affect the society in the United States - Term Paper Example Isolation of the younger generation from societal activities is a major impact of the generational gap in the U.S. the current century has changed the ideologies of the young and the youth unlike in the previous centuries. Technology advancements, research, and personal autonomy differentiate the ideals and methods of the young from the old (Gardner et al, 2008). The adult take upon this disparity to self-impose habits and practices to the young. Due to the gap created, the young feel compelled to rebel against the old that do not understand. This consequentially has led to isolation and other psychological disorders that leave the young prone to societal ills such as crimes, suicide and engagement in drugs. The existence of a generational gap in the American society has led to the over-reliance of the old in important institutional positions in the societal set up. The older generation tends to be inclined to the ideologies of the young, while the former think they are always right in any capacity thinking. Political positions, important religious and educational positions are allocated to older people. Incidences of allocating the young with such positions to sharp their experience in societal responsibility are shunned away with the notion that they cannot get things done accordingly. In the event of providing the young with opportunities, the older generation individuals marginalize. The youth in the American society had been set back from the older generation from their fear of disappointment. Until recently, the youth are now compelled by the current contemporary times to come out of the older generations’ ‘shadows’ (Connerney, 2009). The young people are curre ntly inventing influential positions in the society, thereby creating positions for the older generation to. An example is Mark Zuckerberg, the C.E.O of

Development of Youth Culture Essay Example for Free

Development of Youth Culture Essay There is no single reason for the development of culture; rather, it came about as a result of the number of different social changes occurring at the same time. These developments included the increasing economic power of young people, the influence of the USA and globalisation, social changes at the end of World War 2, development of the media, demographic change in the numbers of young people and the transition to adulthood. Defining youth culture can be difficult because different cultures and interruptions in employment status’s can affect the perspective of what â€Å"youth† is. Culture is the way we live within our culture and youth culture is the way youth lives within it but because of the difficulties youth culture could mean different things to different cultures. Youth culture developed in the early 1950’s, although the idea of youth as a phase in life has a longer history. Youth culture was first developed in America after World War 2, which then Britain decided to follow due to media and other influences from America. In my opinion the most important factor that developed youth culture was the economic changes in society. Due to the demand in workers after the Second World War there was an economic growth. The first person to realise the impact this was having on young people was Abram’s (1959) who analysed the increased economic power of the ‘teenage consumer’. There was a noticeable pattern in what was getting most money spent on, because young people were the age group spending the highest proportion of their income on leisure activities and music, clothes and cosmetics. This increase in economic power created the conditions for the emerging youth culture to develop. For the first time, young people had significant amounts of money to spend. Another extremely important factor for the development was the social change at the end of World War 2. There was much more opportunities for young people and possibilities at this time. Before the war, Britain was characterized by a class structure. By the time it came to the 1950s, we started to see a change in the economy and this opened up oppurtunities and individual expression. Judging on conventional standards, opportunities were becoming bigger. Cinema, art, literature and theatre began to explore new ideas. Amongst many new ideas was that young people were a distinctive group with new values and ideas about their place in society. The next important development for youth culture in my opinion was the influence of the USA and globalisation. With the changing culture and the growth in affluence of the 1950s, there was a ready market for American goods and culture, which included rock and roll music and other products aimed at the new ‘teenage market’. A quote from Leech (’76) saying ‘youthquake’ explained how a change in the new youth was such a sudden change it was like an earthquake. Globalisation recognised what young people wanted and advertised it more. I think the next development of the youth culture which was important was the growth and specialization of media. Media was becoming a lot more popular and so was advertisement. The media started to advertise the products that young people during that time wanted and this was a massive boost for the economics and spread quickly across the world. The 1950’s saw an explosion of different sorts of media. This was only possible because of the growth in social diversity and an increase in spending power that persuaded companies to spend large amounts of money advertising the new media. As a high-spending and newly discovered group, young people became the target for advertisers and hence the commercial media competed to attract this market. Another social condition that made the development of youth culture possible was transition to adulthood. Transition refers to the movement from being economically and socially dependent on parents, towards independence. The length of transition increased over the 20th century as the average period in education. Due to the longer age of being in education, it meant that typical adult responsibilities were taken on increasingly later in life, leaving young people with a number of years where they were physically mature but without the responsibilities of adulthood. This caused young people to want their own place in society. The last social condition that helped youth culture become possible was the demographic change in numbers of young people. After the war because couple had been split for so long because of hundreds of men being sent abroad, many sexual experiences had been delayed for years. The result was that when the men were released from the armed forces in 1945/46, there was a huge increase in birth rate. Although many of the children born at this time were not ‘teenagers’ until the end of 1950’s, they did ensure that youth culture continued and grew as a cultural form. Around 50 to 60 years ago, for the first time, a youth culture appeared to be emerging – young people appeared to be developing their own values, customs, tastes, clothes, music and language. After studying and discussing all the different social conditions that developed youth culture I have discovered that youth culture wasn’t made overnight. It took all these 6 main factors to create this culture and carry it on until this day. Economics was the most important condition in my opinion due to the fact that it all started because of the economic boost after World War 2. America was the country that started this youth culture and Britain followed it after the war ended. Abercrombie et al. (2000) has suggested that youth culture has three distinguishing features: leisure, style and peer group.

Hollywood Dominance of the Movie Industry

Hollywood Dominance of the Movie Industry There are many contributing factors to how Hollywood became such a dominant business. Most of these factors rely on the history of Hollywood and how the film companies that founded it adapted. Hollywoods dominance stared to grow in 1915. This was when the foundations were laid for studios such as: Paramount, Fox, Universal, MGM and Warners. These companies would form the core of the Studio System from 1930s onwards. During this time Hollywood promoted itself by promoting the war. January 1916, the Hollywood film community made an alliance with Washington, DC to try and raise awareness of the war through film.  Hollywood was able to get involved in the War effort by making films to educate the community, producing entertainment features with patriotic, morale-boosting themes and messages about the American way of life. After World War 1, Hollywood put a structure in place that would dominate for 40 years and more. Influential producers like Adolph Zukor set up vertically integrated companies. He was part of Paramount Pictures of which he served as president until  1936  when he was made chairman. He revolutionized the film industry by organizing production, distribution, and exhibition within a single company. Zukor was also an accomplished director and producer. He retired from Paramount Pictures in  1959. Also after the war, budgets rose 10 times pre-war levels, so Hollywood then became a national industry. During the so-called  Golden Age of Hollywood, which lasted from the late1920s to the late 1950s, thousands of movies were issued from the Hollywood studios. The start of the Golden Age was arguably when  The Jazz Singer  was released in 1927, ending the silent era and increasing box-office profits for films as sound was introduced to feature films. Most Hollywood films stuck closely to this method -  Western, slapstick comedy,  musical,  animated cartoon and biographical picture. After  The Jazz Singer  was released in 1927,  Warner Bros gained huge success and was able to obtain their own army of movie theatres.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  By the 1930s, most Americas theatres were owned by the Big Five studios -  MGM,  Paramount Pictures,  RKO,  Warner Bros and  20th Century Fox.   These Major studios owned 75% of first-run cinemas. The  studio system  was a means of film production and distribution dominant in  Hollywood  from the early 1920s through the 1950s. Some have compared the Hollywood studio system to a factory. Their product output in 1937 surged to over 500 feature films. By the 1980s, this figure dropped to an average of 100 films per year. During the Golden Age, the studios were remarkably consistent and stable enterprises. The rise of the studio system also relied on the treatment of the stars of Hollywood, who were created and exploited by the studio to reflect their image and agenda. Actors and actresses were bound by contracts to one studio for several years, and the studio usually had all of the power. These stars were loaned out to other studios. Studios also had the power to force actors into bad roles and control their image. [Directors were] to make sure the actors hit their marks while the camera was running (Biskind, Easy Riders, Raging Bulls, p.19) However, studio heads realized that they couldnt repeat movie storylines and roles and still make a profit. This resulted in different studio styles as they tried to differentiate themselves from other studios. Falling attendance and the  Paramount  decision broke apart the studio system, depriving the studios of the financial controls that made sure of regular profits, paid the studio overhead, and thereby restructured their factory-based operations. The major studios survived by adapting the system, fundamentally changing the ways they did business and establishing methods (still in use today) that reduced their controls of production. This stopped the system of mass movie production that had occupied Hollywood for decades. Essential to the studios survival was their collective control of distribution, the one aspect of their monopolistic operations not affected by the  Paramount  decision, and their willingness to share control of filmmaking with independent producers, top talent, and talent agencies. Simply stated, the studios became primarily financing-and-distribution entities, reviewing projects that were developed and packaged by the growing ranks of inde pendent producers, then in the event of a green light, leasing their production facilities and providing a portion of the production cost in exchange for the distribution rights-and, frequently, for the eventual ownership of the completed film. The studios themselves began producing fewer, big pictures-biblical epics and big-screen westerns-during the 1950s, precursors of the blockbusters that now rule the industry. The studios shared control of film production not only with independent producers and freelance directors, but also top stars whose marquee value gave them tremendous leverage. And because most filmmaking talent operated freelance by the 1950s, talent agencies like William Morris and MCA (Music Corporation of America) also became a major force in postwar film (and television) production. The major studios initially resisted but soon came to terms with television in the 1950s, selling or leasing their older films to TV syndication companies while revamping their factory-based production operations for telefilm series production. By the 1960s, movies were running nightly on prime time television and the studios were turning out far more hours of telefilm series than feature films. Meanwhile, movie attendance continued to erode, despite rapid population growth, and the studios gambled on high-stakes blockbusters like  Cleopatra  (1963) and  The Sound of Music  (1965) but relied primarily on television to pay the bills. Studio fortunes by the late 1960s were at an all-time low, rendering them prime acquisition targets, and many were swallowed up by large conglomerates like Gulf + Western (Paramount), Transamerica (United Artists), and Kinney Services (Warner Bros.), as well as real estate tycoon Kirk Kerkorian (MGM). The MCA-Universal merger i n 1962 was the first and by far the most successful alliance at the time, due to its savvy integration of film and television operations and its maintenance of at least a semblance of the old studio-based mode of production. After the fall of the studio system and the influence of Television, Hollywood adapted to become New Hollywood, a term used to describe a new generation of directors who had taken inspiration from Europe in the 1960s. These new directors influenced the types of films that were produced, how they were produced and how they were marketed. This impacted the way major studios approached filmmaking. Jaws was devastating to making artistic, smaller films. They forgot how to do it Peter Bogdanovich One of the films that changed Hollywood forever was Jaws. This film raised the bar for New Hollywood. Released in June 1975, at 460 theatres simultaneously, on an unprecedented wave of TV advertising, Jaws was everywhere at once. The film needed only 78 days to surpass The Godfather as the top-grossing movie of all time (at least until 1977, and Star Wars). Jaws  was regarded as the father of the summer  blockbuster film  and one of the first high concept films. Due to the films success in advance screenings, studio executives decided to distribute it in a much wider release than ever before.  The Omen  followed in the summer of 1976 and then  Star Wars  one year later in 1977, cementing the notion for movie studios to distribute their big-release action and adventure pictures (commonly referred to as  tentpole pictures) during the summer.   By making Jaws, Universal spurred the movie industrys recovery with its phenomenal success that spawned a new breed of blockbusters like  Star Wars  (1977),  Grease  (1978), and  Superman  (1978), summer releases launched via nationwide marketing that resulted in record box-office profits and were the dominant, defining products of the New Hollywood. The success of these blockbusters reinforced an economic recovery in the industry that continues today, and it enabled the studios to regain some of their lost authority as well, as they became increasingly adept at transforming blockbuster hits into entertainment franchises-multimedia product lines comprised of movie sequels, TV spinoffs, video games, theme-park rides, soundtrack albums, music videos, and an endless array of licensed merchandise. Hollywoods recovery accelerated during the 1980s, fueled by a range of factors that complemented the studios burgeoning blockbuster mentality. One fact or was the rapid growth of new media technologies and new delivery systems, most notably home video and pay-cable television (i.e., subscription movie channels like HBO), which proved to be as hit driven as the box office. Foreign markets were equally receptive to Hollywood blockbusters, and thus the studios international distribution operations grew steadily during the 1980s, going into high gear in the 1990s, when the fall of the Soviet Union and the concurrent economic reforms in China created a truly global market for Hollywood films. The Hollywood that we know today has been shaped by its history, the drive to produce movies that make a profit. Studios now focus on relying on very expensive blockbusters to remain profitable. Studios now also rely on star power and large advertising campaigns to market every new up-coming movie and attract a huge audience. In conclusion, Hollywood has become the dominant cinema producer in the world and has retained its pre-eminence by changing and adapting to its audiences. It must also be remembered that Hollywood is a business, therefore to survive it has had to make good business decisions to continue making a profit.